The Impact of Custom and Juristic Discretion in the Provisions of Acts of Worship and Transactions: An Analytical Study

Authors

  • Nuruddeen Ahmed Bello
  • Ahmad Abdullahi Shaali

Abstract

The Islamic Shari'ah derives its provisions through the two categories of sources of evidence namely those agreed upon by scholars and those which they differed. Both have direct influence in the legislative process. There is also a strong connection between the legislation and Islamic community. This study aimed at identifying the effect of Custom (Urf) and Juristic Discretion (Istihsan) in matters of worship and transactions. Through the use of the inductive, descriptive and analytical method the paper found that the main trace of Custom and Juristic Discretion in both the matters of worship and transaction is on the basis of bringing ease to mankind and that the difference of scholars concerning their validity is based on choice of word in the case of Juristic Discretion (Istihsan) and meaning in the case of Custom (Urf), because they unanimously agreed on their application in different rulings of the Shari’ah. The study concluded that understanding of the Shari'ah rulings can only be achieved through reflection on the Arab customs in the era of revelation, because they are the immediate recipients of the message. The research recommends that scholars should know the customs of the Arabs in their words and deeds, and it calls upon the jurists and the muftis to understand the customs of the people in devising judgments and issuance of Fatwa. 

 تستمد الشريعة الإسلَّمية أحكامها من خلَّل الْدلة المتفق عليها والمختلف فيها، وهما من المؤثرات المباشرة فِ مسيرة التشريع، وتجد أثرهما فِ كثير من الْحكام الواضحة الجليلة مما يؤكد التفاعل والتكافل بيْ التشريع وتوجهات المجتمع الإسلَّمي. هدفت الدراسة إلى الوقوف على أثر العرف والَستحسان فِ العبادات والمعاملَّت، اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الَستقرائي والوصفي والتحليلي. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن أكثر أثر للعرف والَستحسان فِ العبادات والمعاملَّت كان من باب التيسير على الناس، وتُقيقا لمصلحتهم، ورفعا للحرج، وأن اختلَّف الفقهاء فِ حجية الَستحسان اختلَّف لفظي؛ لْنهم متفقون على استعمال حقيقته فِ الْحكام العملية فِ مسائل كثيرة، وأما العرف فإنهم اختلفوا فِ معناه دون لفظه. وختمت الدراسة على أن فهم بعض نصوص الشريعة يتم من خلَّل تأمل عوائد العرب الجارية فِ عهد نزول الوحي؛ لْنهم أول من خاطبت بهم الشريعة. وأوصت الدراسة الباحثيْ بضرورة معرفة عادات العرب فِ أقوالِا وأفعالِا، ودعت الفقيه والمفتي إلى فهم أعراف الناس وعاداتهم فِ فتواه وفِ استنباط الْحكام .

Author Biographies

Nuruddeen Ahmed Bello

Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Holy Qur’an and Tassel of Sciences Sudan

Ahmad Abdullahi Shaali

Department of Religious Studies, Gombe State University

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Published

2020-12-31

How to Cite

Ahmed Bello, N., & Abdullahi Shaali, A. (2020). The Impact of Custom and Juristic Discretion in the Provisions of Acts of Worship and Transactions: An Analytical Study. Voyages Journal of Religious Studies, 6. Retrieved from https://voyagesjournalgsu.ng/index.php/vjrs/article/view/30

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